The wide diffusion of Distributed Generation (DG) represents a possible development of modern electrical systems that can evolve towards “Smart Grids”. In fact, Smart-Grids should manage energy production and loads in a smart way, through appropriate communication systems and applications to be designed for the scope. Moving in this direction, Enel Distribuzione, built up a […]
The complexity of power system operation, has increased over the past few decades, also due to sector liberalization and market introduction, and requires a growing level of training and responsiveness to control room operators. In this framework, the role of a Dispatcher Training Simulator (DTS) is essential. Its purpose is to replicate, with a suitable […]
The awareness of the close relationships between global warming and GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emission has risen enormously during the latest years. To set a bound on CO2 emissions, in the EU a CO2 cap is assigned to each Member State (EUA: European Union Allowance) and a market for trading emission allowances (ETS) is presently in […]
This paper presents the main results of the studies carried out for the project of High voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Interconnection between Italy and France, called “Piemonte-Savoie” about electromagnetic interferences with other services. The project has been jointly performed by TERNA and RTE and the studies have been made with the support of the Italian […]
In recent years, the detection of many MIC failure events affecting copper alloys in heat exchange plant drove the setting-up of experimental monitoring systems regarding these phenomena. The formation of protective oxide layers growing on CuNi 70/30, commonly employed in seawater, and the positive role of chlorination treatments were particularly addressed. For this purpose measurements […]
In more than 270 dams worldwide, geomembranes are the main waterproofing component. The geomembrane is generally associated with other geosynthetics performing various functions, thereby forming a geosynthetic barrier. In this paper, uses of geosynthetic barriers in the various types of dams are re- viewed. The types of dams reviewed include: embankment dams (earthfill and rockfill […]