To secure electricity supply to consumers , foster Renewable Energy Sources integration and favour an efficient internal electricity market, the European Commission has adopted a recent communication in which European Member States and Transmission System Operators are urged to develop interconnections between national grids. However, the development of new lines – should they be overhead […]
Nowadays, the design of nuclear power plants (NPP) is characterized by enhanced safety level. In particular, GEN III+ and GEN IV reactors have to be highly secure and designed to withstand extremely severe external events such as floods, tsunamis, tornadoes, plane crashes, fires and, in particular, earthquakes. Seismic isolation is considered the most promising technology […]
The CO2 source and sink distribution across Europe can be estimated in principle through inverse methods by combining CO2 observations and atmospheric transport models. Uncertainties of such estimates are mainly due to insufficient spatio-temporal coverage of CO2 observations and biases of the models. In order to assess the biases related to the use of different […]
Aim of the Working Group activated by the Italian Committee of Large Dams is to review and discuss the current situation of the “Small Dams” in Italy. Regulatory supervision of “Small Dams” (height <15 m and reservoir volume <1.000.000 m3) is carried out by Regional Authorities on the base of local regulations and guidelines, with […]
HVDC links are becoming an increasingly popular solution to interconnect previously isolated systems or to establish new corridors within highly meshed networks. As a matter of fact, HVDC links show outstanding advantages with respect to HVAC corridors such as full controllability of power flow avoiding the creation of parallel or, even, loop flows in meshed […]
The wide diffusion of Distributed Generation (DG) represents a possible development of modern electrical systems that can evolve towards “Smart-grids. In fact, Smart-Grids should manage energy production and loads in a smart way, through appropriate communication systems and applications to be designed for the scope. Moving in this direction, Enel Distribuzione, built up a new […]